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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are two major respiratory concerns in public health. COPD refers to a group of diseases that block airflow to the lungs such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. It is estimated that 10-24 million Americans are affected by COPD, and in 2000, it caused 119,000 deaths and over 10 million hospital visits in the U.S. The most common cause of COPD is smoking, but asthma, air pollutants, genetics, and infections can also cause the condition. Asthma is also a chronic disease that causes breathing problems, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness. It is one of the most common long-term diseases in children. In 2002, an estimated 20 million people had asthma. In asthma inflammation causes airway restriction. Inflammation makes the airways sensitive to triggers such as allergens, smoke, and certain chemicals. Although a serious condition, asthma can be controlled with medication and avoiding environmental triggers.
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